Travel Blog | The Kiswah Factory — A Sacred Artistry Behind the Cover of the Kaaba

The Kiswah Factory is one of the most revered and significant institutions in the Islamic world, entrusted with the sacred duty of producing the Kiswah, the elegant black and gold cloth that covers the Kaaba in Makkah. For over a millennium, the tradition of draping the Kaaba has been upheld as an expression of devotion, reverence, and submission to Allah. However, the organized and state-sponsored production of the Kiswah found its formal establishment in 1927 when the Kiswah Factory was founded under the directive of King Abdulaziz Al Saud, ensuring that this religious and artistic tradition is preserved with the highest quality and expertise.

The Kaaba, located at the heart of Masjid al-Haram, is the most sacred site in Islam and the direction (Qibla) toward which 1.9 billion Muslims around the world pray. The Kiswah plays a fundamental role in maintaining its dignity, sanctity, and beauty. Every year, on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, during the Hajj pilgrimage, the old Kiswah is removed, and a brand-new one is placed over the Kaaba in a ceremony witnessed by high-ranking officials, scholars, and custodians of the Two Holy Mosques. This annual replacement is not merely an act of maintenance but symbolizes renewal, purity, and a deep-rooted spiritual tradition in Islam.

While the Kiswah today is meticulously crafted using advanced technology and modern machinery, its creation is still deeply rooted in tradition, requiring highly skilled artisans and calligraphers to weave the intricate golden Arabic calligraphy that adorns the fabric. The Kiswah Factory, officially known as King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah, has upheld this responsibility for nearly a century, ensuring that the craftsmanship, materials, and labor involved in its production reflect the highest levels of dedication, respect, and artistic excellence.

The Spiritual and Historical Significance of the Kiswah

The Kiswah holds immense religious, historical, and cultural significance. Covering the Kaaba with an exquisite cloth is not a modern practice; it dates back to the pre-Islamic era when various rulers and tribes sought to honor the sacred site by draping it with different fabrics. After the advent of Islam, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ continued this tradition, and since then, Muslim rulers, caliphs, and sultans have ensured that the Kaaba remains covered with the finest cloth as a sign of devotion to Allah.

The significance of the Kiswah extends beyond its physical appearance. It serves as a reminder of the deep respect and veneration that Muslims hold for the House of Allah. The Qur’an itself speaks of the sanctity of the Kaaba, stating:

“Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind was that at Makkah — blessed and a guidance for the worlds.” (Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:96)

As the Kaaba is the Qibla for Muslims, the Kiswah represents a covering of dignity, much like how believers are encouraged to dress modestly and respectfully. The meticulous process of designing, weaving, and embroidering the Kiswah reflects the spiritual discipline and commitment of those who undertake this work. It is not just a piece of cloth; it is an offering of excellence and purity to the House of Allah.

Throughout history, various empires and dynasties, including the Abbasids, Mamluks, and Ottomans, took immense pride in producing and gifting the Kiswah. Before the establishment of the Kiswah Factory, the Kiswah was historically made in places like Yemen, Egypt, and Iraq before being transported to Makkah. The journey of the Kiswah, often escorted by grand caravans with guards, scholars, and religious leaders, was considered an event of spiritual and political importance. Today, this responsibility rests solely with Saudi Arabia, and the Kiswah Factory is the only official institution in the world dedicated to its production.

The Kiswah Factory: A Center of Excellence

The Kiswah Factory is not just a production unit; it is a symbol of dedication and craftsmanship. Located in Makkah, this state-of-the-art facility employs some of the finest artisans, calligraphers, weavers, and technicians, all of whom are carefully selected to ensure that the highest quality standards are met. The factory specializes in:

Weaving the Kiswah — Using high-quality black silk to create the base fabric.
Embroidering Quranic Verses — Skilled artists hand-stitch golden calligraphy with pure gold and silver threads.
Quality Control — Every step of the process undergoes strict monitoring and inspection.
Preserving the Islamic Tradition — The factory ensures that the process stays true to its Islamic heritage while incorporating modern advancements.

The production of the Kiswah is a year-long process, requiring precise planning, intricate labor, and enormous resources. It is estimated that around 670 kg of pure silk, 120 kg of gold thread, and 100 kg of silver thread are used in its creation.

The factory is not only responsible for making the Kiswah but also other important textiles used in the Haramain (Two Holy Mosques), such as the covering of the Rawdah in Masjid an-Nabawi and the cloth inside the Kaaba itself.

A Tradition of Renewal and Respect

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Kiswah is that it is changed every single year. This tradition reflects the honor and prestige of the House of Allah. Each year, a new Kiswah is carefully prepared, inspected, and fitted onto the Kaaba. This ceremony takes place on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, just before the Day of Arafat, and is led by a specialized team of officials and custodians of the Masjid al-Haram.

The old Kiswah is not discarded; instead, it is cut into smaller sections and gifted to various Islamic organizations, dignitaries, and museums worldwide. Some pieces are preserved in historical archives, while others are presented as sacred souvenirs to honored guests.

The replacement process is a solemn and intricate task that requires expertise and precision. It is carried out with utmost respect and devotion, ensuring that the Kaaba remains adorned in elegance and dignity.

The Significance of the Kiswah Beyond Makkah

Beyond its physical presence in the Masjid al-Haram, the Kiswah holds an emotional and spiritual connection for Muslims worldwide. Many Muslims dream of witnessing the Kiswah being changed, and those who get the opportunity to visit the Kiswah Factory often describe the experience as deeply moving and unforgettable.

The Kiswah Factory also represents Saudi Arabia’s commitment to preserving Islamic traditions. As the custodians of the Two Holy Mosques, the Saudi government has continuously improved the factory’s infrastructure and production techniques, ensuring that the Kaaba’s Kiswah remains an unparalleled masterpiece of Islamic art.

The History of the Kiswah: The Origins of Covering the Kaaba

The tradition of covering the Kaaba with a sacred cloth, known as the Kiswah, has been practiced for over 1,400 years in Islamic history and even predates the advent of Islam. The act of covering the Kaaba is a tradition rooted in respect, sanctity, and devotion to the House of Allah (SWT). However, the origins of this practice go far beyond Islam, extending into ancient civilizations and pre-Islamic Arabian traditions.

The Earliest Accounts of Covering the Kaaba

The earliest historical records suggest that the Kaaba was not always covered with fabric. Initially, the Kaaba was a simple cubic structure in the open desert of Makkah, and its sanctity was recognized even in pre-Islamic Arabia. The act of covering it with a cloth is believed to have begun with Arabian rulers, tribal leaders, and prominent figures who sought to honor and maintain its prestige.

According to historical accounts, Adnan, the ancestor of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, was among the earliest figures to cover the Kaaba with a plain cloth. This tradition was continued by various tribal leaders and influential merchants in pre-Islamic Arabia, but it lacked a consistent method or standard material.

First Documented Ruler to Cover the Kaaba

The first known ruler to officially provide a Kiswah for the Kaaba was Tubb’a Abu Karib As’ad, a king of the Himyari Empire of Yemen (reigned around 380 CE to 440 CE).
He was a pre-Islamic ruler who governed southern Arabia, including parts of modern-day Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Historical sources state that during his pilgrimage to Makkah, he was so deeply moved by the holiness of the Kaaba that he decided to cover it with a fine fabric as a gesture of honor and reverence.

Material Used: The first known Kiswah was made of simple woven cloth (possibly cotton or linen), reflecting the available materials of that time.
Significance: This act established a cultural and religious precedent in Arabia, inspiring other leaders to continue the practice.

The Evolution of the Kiswah in Pre-Islamic Arabia

Following King Tubb’a’s initiative, the tradition of covering the Kaaba became more widespread in Arabia. The rulers and wealthy merchants of Makkah and Yemen took it upon themselves to renew the Kiswah periodically.

The Quraysh tribe, which was the custodian of the Kaaba before Islam, also continued this tradition.
The fabric used for the Kiswah varied based on the wealth of the sponsor.
Ordinary cloth (cotton, linen, or wool) was commonly used.
Some wealthy individuals imported finer textiles from Syria, Persia, and Egypt.
In some years, multiple leaders would donate different Kiswahs, leading to a stacking tradition, where new Kiswahs were placed on top of the old ones rather than replacing them.
The Kiswah was not always black; historical reports suggest that the Kaaba was covered with various colors, including white, red, green, and yellow.

The Kiswah Tradition in the Time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the Kaaba was already being covered annually, but there was no single authoritative entity overseeing the process. The Prophet ﷺ himself respected and continued the tradition but brought significant changes to it.

Events That Changed the Kiswah

The Kaaba’s Reconstruction

During the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the Kaaba was damaged by a flood.
The Quraysh rebuilt it, and after its reconstruction, the Prophet ﷺ participated in the placement of the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad).
The tradition of regularly replacing the Kiswah was further formalized under Islam.

Materials Used in the Prophet’s Time

The Kiswah during the time of the Prophet ﷺ was often made from Yemeni striped fabric.
The color of the Kiswah was typically white, as there was no specific requirement for a black cover at the time.
The Prophet ﷺ did not mandate a specific material for the Kiswah, but he maintained its significance.

The First Islamic Caliphs and the Kiswah

After the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ passed away, the tradition of covering the Kaaba was upheld by the Rashidun Caliphs.

Caliph Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA)

Continued using plain white fabric for the Kiswah.

Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA)

Introduced the use of thicker fabrics, such as Egyptian linen.
Ordered that the Kiswah should be replaced annually.

Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (RA)

He was the first to introduce two Kiswahs per year, one in Dhul Hijjah and another in Ramadan.
This ensured that the Kaaba was never left uncovered during replacements.

Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA)

Upheld the tradition of covering the Kaaba, using the finest textiles available at the time.

The Early Islamic Dynasties and the Development of the Kiswah

As Islam expanded, different dynasties took on the responsibility of producing the Kiswah, leading to significant innovations.

The Umayyads (661–750 CE)

The Umayyads, ruling from Damascus, enhanced the quality of the Kiswah.
They introduced silk fabric, which replaced the previously used cotton and linen.
The first embroidered inscriptions of Quranic verses appeared during this period.

The Abbasids (750–1258 CE)

The Abbasid Caliphs introduced decorative elements and gold and silver embroidery.
They established the tradition of sending the Kiswah from Baghdad to Makkah annually.
The Kiswah color changed frequently; some years, it was green, white, or red.

The Fatimids (10th–12th Century)

The Fatimids, based in Egypt, contributed a major transformation by funding the Kiswah entirely from Egypt.
They began inscribing Quranic calligraphy onto the Kiswah.

The Mamluks (13th–16th Century)

The Mamluks made Cairo the main production center for the Kiswah.
They introduced the gold thread embroidery and improved calligraphy design.

The Ottomans (16th–20th Century)

The Ottoman Sultans took full responsibility for the Kiswah.
They standardized the black Kiswah with gold calligraphy, similar to what is seen today.
The Kiswah was transported from Egypt to Makkah in a grand ceremonial procession.

Transition to Saudi Arabia and the Modern Kiswah Factory

By the early 20th century, the responsibility of producing the Kiswah shifted to Saudi Arabia.
In 1927, King Abdulaziz established the first Kiswah Factory in Makkah, ensuring that the production remained within the custody of Saudi Arabia.

This marked the end of foreign dependency for the Kaaba’s Kiswah and laid the foundation for the modern-day King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kiswah of the Kaaba.

The Establishment of the Kiswah Factory: Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to the Sacred Craft

The Kiswah Factory stands as a symbol of devotion, precision, and craftsmanship, dedicated to producing the sacred covering of the Kaaba. The decision to establish a dedicated factory for the Kiswah marked a historical shift in how the Kaaba’s sacred cloth was produced and managed. Unlike previous centuries, when the Kiswah was imported from various Islamic empires, the Kiswah Factory ensured that the entire process remained within Saudi Arabia, under direct supervision and quality control.

This significant transition not only reinforced Saudi Arabia’s role as the custodian of the Two Holy Mosques but also elevated the quality, durability, and artistic excellence of the Kiswah.

When and Why Was the Kiswah Factory Established?

The official Kiswah Factory was established in 1927 by King Abdulaziz Al Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. The factory’s creation was driven by several crucial factors, including:

1. Ending Foreign Dependency

For centuries, the Kiswah had been produced outside of the Arabian Peninsula, mainly in Egypt.
During the Ottoman era, the Kiswah was woven in Cairo and transported to Makkah in an annual caravan.
King Abdulaziz wanted to eliminate the reliance on foreign entities and bring the production home to Saudi Arabia.
Establishing the Kiswah Factory ensured that Makkah itself — the city housing the Kaaba — became the sole producer of the Kiswah.

2. Improving Quality and Craftsmanship

In the past, the Kiswah’s production varied in quality, as different rulers used different materials.
Some older Kiswahs were prone to fading and tearing, requiring repairs or additional layers.
A dedicated factory meant standardization in:

Silk weaving
Gold and silver embroidery
Calligraphy design
Fabric durability

The factory ensured each Kiswah met the highest standards of excellence.

3. Ensuring Proper Religious Oversight

By centralizing the Kiswah’s production in Saudi Arabia, Islamic scholars and religious authorities could closely monitor and supervise its creation.
Every aspect of the Kiswah, from the selection of silk and dyeing process to the weaving of Quranic verses, is meticulously reviewed to ensure authenticity and spiritual significance.

4. Protecting a Sacred Tradition

The Kiswah Factory preserved the historical and artistic legacy of the Kaaba’s covering.
By employing skilled artisans, weavers, and calligraphers, Saudi Arabia safeguarded a sacred craft that had been passed down for generations.
The factory became a center for Islamic art and heritage, ensuring that the techniques and traditions of Kiswah-making were never lost.

Who Initiated the Kiswah Factory?

The visionary leader behind the factory’s establishment was King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the first ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His decision to bring the production of the Kiswah to Makkah was a historic move that aligned with his broader mission to modernize and strengthen the Islamic world’s most sacred sites.

How King Abdulaziz Changed the Production Process

In 1927, he ordered the construction of the first Kiswah factory in Makkah.
The factory hired the most skilled artisans, including weavers from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Egypt.
The factory introduced new weaving technologies to ensure the Kiswah was more durable and long-lasting.
The first fully Saudi-made Kiswah was completed and placed on the Kaaba in 1928.

Significance of His Initiative

King Abdulaziz’s initiative ensured the Kiswah was produced under the direct care of the Saudi government.
He established a dedicated workforce, ensuring that generations of artisans could train and specialize in this sacred craft.
His efforts laid the foundation for a long-term commitment to producing the Kiswah locally.

How Has the Kiswah Factory Evolved Over the Years?

Since its founding in 1927, the Kiswah Factory has undergone major developments, adapting to technological advancements while maintaining the spiritual and artistic heritage of the Kiswah.

1. Relocation and Expansion (1962)

In 1962, under King Saud, the factory was moved to a new location in Makkah to accommodate larger production facilities.
The expansion allowed for more workers and advanced machinery.

2. Introduction of Modern Weaving Technology (1972)

During the reign of King Faisal, the factory introduced mechanized silk weaving machines.
This increased efficiency and ensured precision in the fabric’s quality.
The process of dyeing, weaving, and embroidery became more refined.

3. The Establishment of the King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah (1994)

In 1994, King Fahd bin Abdulaziz ordered the construction of a new, state-of-the-art Kiswah production center.
This facility was named the King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah and remains the official and only producer of the Kiswah today.
The factory now houses multiple specialized departments, including:

Silk Weaving Unit — Produces the black silk fabric of the Kiswah.
Embroidery Section — Crafts the gold and silver inscriptions.
Dyeing Unit — Ensures the distinctive deep black color of the fabric.
Calligraphy Department — Designs the Quranic inscriptions in Arabic Thuluth script.

4. Adoption of Advanced Gold and Silver Embroidery Techniques (2000s)

As global technology advanced, so did the methods of embroidery.
In the early 2000s, the factory began blending traditional hand embroidery with machine precision.
This improved the lifespan of the Kiswah, ensuring that it remained durable despite harsh weather conditions.

5. Increased Workforce and Skill Development (2010s–Present)

The factory has grown significantly, employing over 200 specialized workers.
Training programs have been introduced to ensure that young artisans can continue the craft.
The Saudi government has provided full sponsorships to train new generations of Kiswah weavers and calligraphers.

6. Environmental and Sustainability Improvements (2020s)

In recent years, the factory has taken eco-friendly initiatives, including:

Recycling leftover silk and embroidery materials.
Implementing energy-efficient dyeing techniques.
Using high-quality, ethically sourced silk from specialized farms.

Key Achievements of the Kiswah Factory

The Kiswah Factory has transformed the production process while preserving the sacred artistry of the Kiswah.
Some remarkable achievements include:

Producing the largest and most intricate Kiswah designs ever made.
Increasing the durability of the Kiswah through scientific testing and advanced weaving techniques.
Documenting and archiving every Kiswah since its establishment, preserving an unbroken historical record.
Training over 1,000 artisans and calligraphers since its founding, ensuring the continuation of this sacred tradition.
Developing new safety measures to protect the Kiswah from weather, dust, and external damage.

The Process of Making the Kiswah: An Intricate Craft of Devotion

The Kiswah is one of the most meticulously crafted textiles in the world, combining Islamic artistry, religious devotion, and skilled craftsmanship. Each year, a team of over 200 artisans, calligraphers, and textile experts dedicate themselves to producing this masterpiece, ensuring it meets the highest standards of precision, durability, and beauty.

Unlike ordinary fabric production, the Kiswah is entirely handmade, requiring months of intensive labor and the finest quality materials. The process is an extraordinary fusion of tradition and modern innovation, making it a one-of-a-kind textile in the world.

Stage 1: Sourcing and Preparing the Materials

The production of the Kiswah begins with the selection of premium materials, as only the highest quality components are used to preserve its sanctity and longevity.

1. Silk — The Foundation of the Kiswah

The Kiswah’s base fabric is made of pure natural silk, carefully sourced from specialized silk farms in Italy and Switzerland.
Each Kiswah requires approximately 670 kilograms (1,477 pounds) of raw silk, making it one of the largest silk-based textiles in the world.
The silk undergoes a dyeing process, where it is transformed into its deep, signature black color using a specialized chemical treatment that enhances its longevity and resistance to weathering.

2. Gold and Silver Threads — The Embroidery Essentials

The gold and silver calligraphy that adorns the Kiswah is embroidered using high-purity metal threads.
The embroidery requires:

120 kilograms (265 pounds) of pure gold-plated thread
100 kilograms (220 pounds) of fine silver thread

These threads are custom-made for the Kiswah, ensuring resistance to tarnishing and maintaining the vibrancy of the gold inscriptions.

3. Cotton and Wool — The Supporting Layers

Beneath the silk exterior, the Kiswah is reinforced with multiple layers of high-density cotton and wool fabric
This strengthens the cloth, allowing it to withstand environmental conditions such as heat, humidity, and dust.

Stage 2: Weaving the Silk Fabric

Once the silk arrives at the factory, it undergoes an intricate weaving process that transforms it into the iconic Kiswah fabric.

1. Hand-Weaving vs. Machine Weaving

Traditionally, the Kiswah was entirely handwoven, but modern advancements have introduced precision looms that enhance quality and consistency.
The fabric is woven using Jacquard weaving machines, which allow for intricate patterns to be incorporated directly into the fabric.

2. Secretly Embedded Quranic Patterns

While the golden inscriptions are added later, the silk fabric itself is woven with subtle Quranic calligraphy in black-on-black designs.
These inscriptions include:

“La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur Rasulullah” (There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)
“SubhanAllah wa bihamdihi, SubhanAllah Al-Azeem” (Glory be to Allah and all praise is due to Him, Glory be to Allah the Most Great)
“Ya Hayyu Ya Qayyum” (O the Ever-Living, O the Sustainer)

These patterns are nearly invisible to the naked eye, but they add depth and complexity to the Kiswah’s overall design.

3. The Fabric Length and Weight

The completed silk fabric is 47 meters (154 feet) long and 14 meters (46 feet) wide.
Once fully assembled, the Kiswah weighs approximately 650 kilograms (1,433 pounds).

Stage 3: Calligraphy and Embroidery

The golden calligraphy seen on the Kiswah is its most intricate and time-consuming feature, requiring a highly specialized team of Islamic calligraphers, designers, and embroidery artisans.

1. Hand-Drawn Calligraphy Designs

Before any embroidery begins, expert Islamic calligraphers hand-sketch the Quranic verses onto tracing paper.
These designs are then transferred onto the silk fabric using chalk and natural adhesives.

2. The Quranic Inscriptions on the Kiswah

The Kiswah is adorned with various Quranic verses, including:

Surah Al-Ikhlas (112:1–4) — “Say: He is Allah, the One and Only.”
Ayat-ul-Kursi (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:255) — The Verse of the Throne, symbolizing divine power and protection.
Surah Al-Fatiha (1:1–7) — The Opening Chapter of the Quran.
Verses about Tawheed (Oneness of Allah) — Reinforcing the significance of monotheism.

3. Embroidery Process Using Gold and Silver Threads

The embroidery is performed using both hand and machine techniques to ensure perfect alignment and long-lasting quality.
Artisans painstakingly sew each golden letter using double-threaded embroidery, reinforcing the gold inscriptions over layers of cotton padding to create a three-dimensional raised effect.

4. The Hizam — The Golden Belt of the Kaaba

One of the most striking features of the Kiswah is the Hizam (Golden Belt), which runs horizontally across the upper portion of the Kaaba.
The Hizam consists of four embroidered panels, each carrying distinct Quranic inscriptions.

5. Additional Embroidered Elements

The door cover (Burqa of the Kaaba) is an entirely separate section, requiring even more gold and silver embroidery.
The corners of the Kaaba are also reinforced with specialized embroidery panels.

Stage 4: Assembling and Preparing the Kiswah for Installation

After the weaving, embroidery, and quality control inspections are completed, the final assembly of the Kiswah begins.

1. Dividing the Kiswah into Sections

The entire Kiswah is divided into five parts:

Four side panels covering the Kaaba’s exterior walls.
One separate piece for the door covering.

This division ensures that the Kiswah can be properly fitted and secured during installation.

2. Final Quality Checks

Each section undergoes a strict inspection process, ensuring no imperfections in the silk, embroidery, or structural integrity.
Specialized tests are conducted to verify the durability of the gold and silver embroidery.

3. The Kiswah’s Sealing with Wax

To protect the gold embroidery, a light wax coating is applied to prevent dust accumulation and environmental damage.

How Long Does It Take to Complete?

The entire process of making the Kiswah is not rushed, as it requires extreme precision, patience, and craftsmanship.

Silk weaving alone takes six months to complete.
Embroidery and calligraphy work require four to five months.
Final assembly and inspections take several weeks.
In total, the Kiswah takes about 8 to 10 months to complete.

This means that as soon as one Kiswah is placed on the Kaaba, work on the next year’s Kiswah begins almost immediately.

The Skilled Artisans Behind the Kiswah

Unlike mass textile production, the Kiswah is crafted by a team of highly specialized artisans, most of whom train for years before being allowed to work on the Kaaba’s sacred covering.

1. Master Weavers

Responsible for the intricate weaving of the silk fabric.
Must have years of experience in high-quality textile weaving.

2. Calligraphy Artists

Must be proficient in Islamic Thuluth script, the traditional Arabic calligraphy style used in the Kiswah.
Their work must be flawless, as even a minor mistake requires restarting the embroidery.

3. Embroidery Specialists

They manually stitch gold and silver threads using centuries-old techniques.
It takes an average of two years of training before an artisan is qualified to work on the Kiswah.

Key Features of the Kiswah: A Sacred Masterpiece of Islamic Art

The Kiswah of the Kaaba is more than just a covering — it is a sacred symbol of reverence and devotion, a work of Islamic craftsmanship, and one of the most meticulously designed textiles in the world. Every detail of the Kiswah, from its golden inscriptions to its structural design, serves a purpose steeped in religious, historical, and artistic significance.

This section explores the distinctive features of the Kiswah, including its Quranic inscriptions, structural components, weight, and financial investment — all of which highlight the dedication required to uphold this honored tradition.

1. The Quranic Inscriptions and Calligraphy on the Kiswah

The gold-embroidered inscriptions on the Kiswah are among the most distinct and revered elements of the covering. These inscriptions are not decorative but serve a sacred purpose, carrying verses from the Holy Quran that emphasize the oneness of Allah, divine mercy, and the significance of worship.

Calligraphy Style and Design

The inscriptions on the Kiswah are written in the Thuluth script, one of the most complex and elegant forms of Arabic calligraphy.
This artistic script, known for its curved letters and elongated strokes, is hand-drawn by master calligraphers before being transferred to the fabric.
Each letter and design is stitched in pure gold and silver threads, ensuring that the inscriptions remain prominent and luminous against the deep black silk background.

Prominent Quranic Verses on the Kiswah

The Quranic inscriptions on the Kiswah are carefully selected to reflect divine attributes and spiritual guidance. The verses are arranged in specific sections, including the upper portion, the Hizam (golden belt), and the door covering.

Upper Section Inscriptions

The upper section of the Kiswah is adorned with four panels, each bearing different Quranic verses.
The most prominent inscriptions include:

Surah Al-Ikhlas (112:1–4) — Emphasizing the oneness of Allah
Surah Al-Fatiha (1:1–7) — The opening chapter of the Quran.
Surah Al-Baqarah (2:255) — Ayat-ul-Kursi (The Throne Verse), symbolizing divine power and protection.
Verses about Tawheed (Monotheism) — Reinforcing the Kaaba’s status as the House of Allah.

Hizam (The Golden Belt) Inscriptions

The Hizam, a thick golden embroidery band, encircles the Kaaba at its upper third.
It features intricately woven Quranic inscriptions, including:

“Verily, the first House [of worship] established for mankind was that at Makkah, blessed and a guidance for the worlds.” (Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:96)
“Allah has made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, a standing place for mankind.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:97)
“Enter it in peace, secure.” (Surah Al-Hijr 15:46)

Door Covering (Burqa) Inscriptions

The covering of the Kaaba’s door is distinct from the rest of the Kiswah, as it features more elaborate gold embroidery.
It includes invocations such as:

“O Allah, protect this House.”
“There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”

The entire door covering is reinforced with multiple layers of padding, making it the heaviest and most opulent part of the Kiswah.

2. The Different Sections of the Kiswah

The Kiswah is not a single piece of fabric but is divided into distinct sections, each carefully measured, designed, and assembled to ensure a perfect fit over the Kaaba.

1. The Four Side Panels

The Kiswah consists of four separate large pieces that cover the four walls of the Kaaba.
These panels are attached at the top and carefully lowered into position during the annual changing ceremony.
The panels are reinforced to prevent sagging and damage from wind or handling.

2. The Hizam (Golden Belt)

The Hizam is arguably the most striking element of the Kiswah, running horizontally across all four sides of the Kaaba.
It is crafted from gold-plated silver thread and features intricate Quranic inscriptions.
The Hizam measures approximately 47 meters (154 feet) in length and 95 centimeters (3.1 feet) in width.
It serves both an aesthetic and structural function, reinforcing the Kiswah’s alignment.

3. The Burqa (Door Covering)

The Kaaba’s door covering is a separate, specially embroidered piece, measuring over 6 meters (20 feet) in height.
It is made of an extra-thick silk base and contains the most concentrated use of gold and silver embroidery.
The Burqa is the last piece to be attached during the annual replacement ceremony.

4. The Interior Linings

Inside the Kaaba, a separate inner Kiswah covers the walls.
This inner lining is made of light-colored fabric and carries minimal inscriptions.
It protects the inner structure of the Kaaba from environmental elements and ensures spiritual cleanliness.

3. How Much Does the Kiswah Weigh?

The weight of the Kiswah reflects its massive scale, premium materials, and intricate craftsmanship.

Total Weight: 650 kilograms (1,433 pounds).
Silk Fabric Weight: Around 300 kilograms (661 pounds).
Gold and Silver Thread Weight: Over 220 kilograms (485 pounds).
Door Covering Weight: The heaviest individual section, weighing approximately 120 kilograms (265 pounds).

The Kiswah’s weight has increased over the years due to enhanced embroidery, denser fabric, and more intricate calligraphy.

4. How Much Does the Kiswah Cost?

The production cost of the Kiswah is among the highest of any textile in the world, given the materials, expertise, and time investment required.

Breakdown of Estimated Costs

Silk Procurement and Weaving — $4.5 million
Gold and Silver Embroidery — $2.8 million
Labor Costs (200+ artisans) — $2.2 million
Quality Control and Special Treatments — $1.5 million
Maintenance, Storage, and Installation — $1 million

Total Cost: $6 to $7 Million USD per Kiswah

This investment is fully funded by the Saudi government, ensuring that the tradition is upheld with the utmost reverence.
The cost fluctuates annually due to changes in gold prices, inflation, and material sourcing.

What Happens to the Old Kiswah?

After being removed from the Kaaba, the old Kiswah is not discarded.
It is cut into smaller sections and gifted to Islamic institutions, scholars, and dignitaries worldwide.
Some fragments are preserved in museums and exhibitions, showcasing the historical evolution of the Kaaba’s covering.

Changing the Kiswah: A Yearly Tradition of Reverence and Renewal

The changing of the Kiswah is one of the most solemn and prestigious ceremonies in the Islamic world. It is a moment of great spiritual significance, signifying renewal, devotion, and the continuous honor bestowed upon the Kaaba. The process is highly structured, carried out with precision and deep reverence, and involves a dedicated team of experts, religious scholars, and caretakers.

This sacred event takes place once a year, and while it is not open to the general public, it is closely followed by Muslims worldwide. The ceremony follows a strict protocol, ensuring that the sanctity of the Kaaba is upheld at all times.

1. When is the Kiswah Replaced?

The replacement of the Kiswah occurs annually on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, the Day of Arafat, which is the second day of Hajj and one of the holiest days in Islam.

Why is the Kiswah Changed on This Day?

The Day of Arafat marks the culmination of the Hajj pilgrimage, a time when millions of Muslims gather at Mount Arafat in devotion and supplication.
This moment signifies forgiveness, spiritual renewal, and divine mercy, making it an ideal occasion to refresh the covering of the House of Allah.
The Kaaba stands temporarily empty, as all Hajj pilgrims are at Arafat, allowing the changing of the Kiswah to take place undisturbed.

The timing of the replacement ensures that by the time pilgrims return to the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) in the evening, they witness the Kaaba beautifully adorned with a brand-new Kiswah.

2. How is the Kiswah Replaced?

The replacement of the Kiswah is a highly coordinated operation involving a team of expert technicians, scholars, and officials who work with great care and efficiency to complete the process before the pilgrims return from Arafat.

Who Participates in the Ceremony?

The Specialized Kiswah Installation Team
The operation is led by a team of over 50 highly trained workers from the King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah.
These individuals are responsible for removing the old Kiswah, preparing the new one, and securing it in place.
Senior Officials from the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques
They oversee the entire process to ensure the ceremony is conducted in accordance with Islamic guidelines.
Islamic Scholars and Custodians of the Kaaba
Select religious figures and members of the Banu Shaybah family (the hereditary custodians of the Kaaba) are present to witness the sacred tradition.

Step-by-Step Process of Changing the Kiswah

The installation of the new Kiswah follows an organized and precise sequence, ensuring that the sacred covering is fitted perfectly onto the Kaaba.

Step 1: Arrival of the New Kiswah

The new Kiswah, crafted at the King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah, is transported under strict security to Masjid al-Haram.
The fabric is delivered in multiple sections, each meticulously labeled for easy assembly.

Step 2: Removing the Old Kiswah

The process begins by loosening the golden belt (Hizam) and lowering the existing Kiswah.
The old Kiswah is carefully detached from the Kaaba, ensuring no damage to the sacred walls.
Unlike in ancient times, where multiple layers were left in place, today the entire old Kiswah is removed before the new one is installed.

Step 3: Installing the New Kiswah

The new Kiswah is hoisted section by section, beginning with the top part and working downward.
Each side panel is carefully positioned, ensuring perfect alignment with the Kaaba’s structure.
Once the four sides are in place, the Hizam (golden belt) is reattached.
The door covering (Burqa) is the final component to be installed, completing the Kiswah replacement.

Step 4: Securing the Kiswah

The fabric is fastened using reinforced silk cords and secure clasps, preventing it from shifting due to wind or movement.
Any final adjustments are made, and senior officials perform a final inspection.

The entire process takes several hours, with teams working quickly yet cautiously to ensure the Kaaba is never left uncovered for an extended period.

3. What Happens to the Old Kiswah?

Once the new Kiswah is in place, the old Kiswah is respectfully removed and carefully preserved. Unlike ordinary fabric, the Kaaba’s covering is considered sacred and is never discarded or destroyed. Instead, it is handled with great care and repurposed in specific ways.

1. Cutting the Old Kiswah into Sections

The old Kiswah is carefully cut into smaller, manageable pieces, ensuring that each section remains intact and well-preserved.
These pieces are distributed in a highly controlled manner.

2. Gifting the Old Kiswah

The fragments of the old Kiswah are considered extremely valuable and are presented as gifts to select individuals and institutions.

Recipients of these Kiswah pieces include:

Islamic Leaders and Scholars — Highly respected figures in the Islamic world receive Kiswah pieces as symbols of honor and religious significance.
Heads of State and Dignitaries — Many Muslim and non-Muslim leaders receive sections of the Kiswah as diplomatic gifts.
Renowned Mosques and Islamic Centers — Various mosques, museums, and religious institutions display the Kiswah as a testament to the Islamic heritage.
Saudi Arabian Officials and Royal Family Members — Selected members of Saudi Arabia’s leadership receive Kiswah portions for historical preservation.

3. Displaying the Kiswah in Museums and Exhibitions

Some pieces of the old Kiswah are sent to Islamic museums, such as the Two Holy Mosques Exhibition in Makkah and Madinah.
These exhibitions allow Muslims and visitors worldwide to appreciate the craftsmanship, history, and sacred nature of the Kiswah.

4. Religious Preservation and Archiving

Certain sections of the old Kiswah are archived for historical documentation.
These preserved pieces provide insight into the evolution of Kiswah design over time.

4. The Significance of the Kiswah Replacement Ceremony

The changing of the Kiswah is not just a physical replacement of fabric — it is a spiritually profound act that carries deep meaning.

Symbol of Renewal — The annual change signifies renewal and purity, mirroring the concept of spiritual cleansing in Islam.
Continuity of a Sacred Tradition — This practice has been preserved for centuries, reinforcing the historical and religious importance of the Kaaba.
Unifying Moment for the Muslim Ummah — Muslims worldwide witness this sacred event, reinforcing their shared faith and reverence for the House of Allah.
Honoring the Kaaba — The Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam, and the careful replacement of the Kiswah demonstrates the respect and devotion Muslims hold for it.

Experience the Sacred Craftsmanship: Kiswah Factory and Sulah Hudaibiya Tour with ISMOVA

Embark on a profound journey through Islamic history and artistry with ISMOVA’s exclusive tour packages to the Kiswah Factory and Sulah Hudaibiya. Designed for families and groups of all sizes and ages, these packages offer an unparalleled opportunity to witness the creation of the sacred Kaaba covering and explore a pivotal site in Islamic history.

Discover the Kiswah Factory: The Art of the Kaaba’s Sacred Covering

The Kiswah Factory, officially known as the King Abdulaziz Complex for the Kaaba Kiswah, is where the revered black cloth that adorns the Holy Kaaba is meticulously crafted each year. This tour provides an exclusive glimpse into the intricate process of creating the Kiswah, a masterpiece of Islamic artistry.

What to Expect at the Kiswah Factory

Educational Presentation: Begin your visit with an informative video detailing the history and significance of the Kiswah, from its origins to the present day.
Guided Tour: Explore the factory floor to observe skilled artisans at work, weaving fine silk and embroidering Quranic verses with pure gold and silver threads.
Exhibition Hall: View historical artifacts, including previous Kiswah pieces, tools used in production, and examples of the intricate calligraphy featured on the cloth. his immersive experience offers a deep appreciation for the devotion and craftsmanship involved in honoring the holiest site in Islam.

Explore Sulah Hudaibiya: A Landmark of Peace and Diplomacy

Following the factory visit, the tour continues to Sulah Hudaibiya, the site where the historic Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed between the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Quraysh tribe in 628 CE. This treaty marked a significant turning point in Islamic history, emphasizing the values of peace and strategic foresight.

Highlights of the Sulah Hudaibiya Visit

Historical Insights: earn about the circumstances leading to the treaty, its terms, and its profound impact on the spread of Islam.
Well of Hudaibiya: Visit the famous well that served as a vital water source during the negotiations, offering a tangible connection to the past.
Guided Exploration: Walk through the site with knowledgeable guides who provide context and stories that bring history to life. his segment of the tour offers a reflective experience, connecting participants to the rich heritage of Islamic diplomacy and leadership.

Why Choose ISMOVA for Your Kiswah Factory and Sulah Hudaibiya Tour?

ISMOVA is committed to providing exceptional tour experiences that are both educational and spiritually enriching. Our packages are thoughtfully designed to cater to the needs of diverse groups, ensuring comfort and convenience throughout the journey.

Package Inclusions

Transportation: Comfortable, air-conditioned vehicles with professional drivers for seamless travel between sites.
Guided Tours: Experienced guides offering in-depth knowledge and engaging narratives at each location.
Refreshments: Complimentary snacks and beverages to keep you energized during the tour.
Permits and Appointments: ll necessary arrangements for factory visits are handled by ISMOVA, ensuring a hassle-free experience. Choosing ISMOVA, you are assured a well-organized and enriching journey that delves deep into the heart of Islamic tradition and history.

Booking Your Tour

To embark on this unique exploration of Islamic heritage, visit our dedicated tour page: ere, you can find detailed information about the itinerary, pricing, and booking procedures. Our team is ready to assist you with any inquiries and to customize the experience to suit your group’s specific needs.

Join ISMOVA for an unforgettable journey that bridges the past and present, offering insights into the sacred traditions that continue to inspire Muslims around the world.